Centralization
The Great Library of Alexandria
The Mundaneum (Paul Otlet)
Collecting the whole knowledge of the world in one single place.
Michael Buckland. Paul Otlet, Pioneer of Information Management. https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/otlet.html
Michael Buckland. Selected Writings about Paul Otlet. https://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~buckland/otletbib.html
Alex Wright. Cataloging the World: Paul Otlet and the Birth of the Information Age. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Question
Mainframe computers
Before the Internet (in the 60's and 70's) the first networks where local networks built around big central computers.